diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index b9a40de..b8a6361 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -165,6 +165,8 @@ Python 后端依赖由部署脚本安装到项目根目录 `.venv`。
 
 前端依赖由部署脚本在 `frontend/app` 下执行 `npm ci` 安装，并执行 `npm run build`。
 
+部署脚本会把当前 shell 中可用的 `npm` 路径写入 `.env.deploy`，避免用户级 systemd 服务启动时读取不到 zsh/nvm 环境。
+
 默认部署使用用户级 systemd，不需要 sudo。若机器要求服务在用户退出 SSH 后仍保持运行，可由管理员额外执行：
 
 ```bash
diff --git a/scripts/deploy-ubuntu.sh b/scripts/deploy-ubuntu.sh
index 3b9c9b6..0c6246b 100755
--- a/scripts/deploy-ubuntu.sh
+++ b/scripts/deploy-ubuntu.sh
@@ -233,6 +233,28 @@ build_frontend() {
 	npm run build
 }
 
+remember_node_runtime() {
+	local npm_bin node_bin node_bin_dir tmp_file
+	npm_bin="$(command -v npm || true)"
+	node_bin="$(command -v node || true)"
+	[[ -n "${npm_bin}" ]] || fail "无法定位 npm。"
+	node_bin_dir="$(dirname "${npm_bin}")"
+	tmp_file="$(mktemp)"
+	grep -v -E '^(export )?CLAW_(NPM_BIN|NODE_BIN|NODE_BIN_DIR)=' "${ENV_FILE}" >"${tmp_file}" || true
+	cat >>"${tmp_file}" <<EOF
+
+# systemd 用户服务不会读取交互式 shell 配置，这里记录部署时可用的 Node.js/npm 路径。
+export CLAW_NPM_BIN=$(printf "%q" "${npm_bin}")
+export CLAW_NODE_BIN=$(printf "%q" "${node_bin}")
+export CLAW_NODE_BIN_DIR=$(printf "%q" "${node_bin_dir}")
+EOF
+	install -m 0600 "${tmp_file}" "${ENV_FILE}"
+	rm -f "${tmp_file}"
+	log "记录 Node.js 运行路径"
+	echo "npm=${npm_bin}"
+	echo "node=${node_bin:-未检测到}"
+}
+
 install_systemd_service() {
 	local service_name="$1"
 	local template_path="$2"
@@ -290,6 +312,7 @@ main() {
 	ensure_env_file
 	ensure_python
 	build_frontend
+	remember_node_runtime
 	install_services
 	restart_services
 	health_check
diff --git a/scripts/start-frontend.sh b/scripts/start-frontend.sh
index 49d4a8e..5d8cb49 100755
--- a/scripts/start-frontend.sh
+++ b/scripts/start-frontend.sh
@@ -20,8 +20,19 @@ BACKEND_HOST="${CLAW_BACKEND_HOST:-127.0.0.1}"
 BACKEND_PORT="${CLAW_BACKEND_PORT:-8765}"
 FRONTEND_HOST="${CLAW_FRONTEND_HOST:-0.0.0.0}"
 FRONTEND_PORT="${CLAW_FRONTEND_PORT:-3000}"
+NPM_BIN="${CLAW_NPM_BIN:-$(command -v npm || true)}"
+
+if [[ -n "${CLAW_NODE_BIN_DIR:-}" ]]; then
+	export PATH="${CLAW_NODE_BIN_DIR}:${PATH}"
+fi
+
+if [[ -z "${NPM_BIN}" || ! -x "${NPM_BIN}" ]]; then
+	echo "npm not found for frontend service." >&2
+	echo "Run deploy again from a shell where npm is available: bash scripts/deploy-ubuntu.sh" >&2
+	exit 1
+fi
 
 export CLAW_API_URL="${CLAW_API_URL:-http://${BACKEND_HOST}:${BACKEND_PORT}}"
 
 cd "${ROOT_DIR}/frontend/app"
-exec npm run start -- --hostname "${FRONTEND_HOST}" --port "${FRONTEND_PORT}"
+exec "${NPM_BIN}" run start -- --hostname "${FRONTEND_HOST}" --port "${FRONTEND_PORT}"