diff --git a/scripts/deploy-ubuntu.sh b/scripts/deploy-ubuntu.sh
index 0c6246b..cebccba 100755
--- a/scripts/deploy-ubuntu.sh
+++ b/scripts/deploy-ubuntu.sh
@@ -80,6 +80,23 @@ require_command() {
 	fi
 }
 
+resolve_npm_bin() {
+	if [[ -n "${CLAW_NODE_BIN_DIR:-}" ]]; then
+		export PATH="${CLAW_NODE_BIN_DIR}:${PATH}"
+	fi
+	local npm_bin="${CLAW_NPM_BIN:-$(command -v npm || true)}"
+	if [[ -z "${npm_bin}" || ! -x "${npm_bin}" ]]; then
+		fail "缺少命令：npm。请先安装 Node.js 和 npm，建议 Node.js 20 或 22。"
+	fi
+	local node_bin_dir
+	node_bin_dir="$(dirname "${npm_bin}")"
+	export PATH="${node_bin_dir}:${PATH}"
+	if ! "${npm_bin}" --version >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+		fail "npm 不可用：${npm_bin}。请确认同目录下存在 node，或重新安装 Node.js/npm。"
+	fi
+	printf "%s\n" "${npm_bin}"
+}
+
 bootstrap_system_packages() {
 	if [[ "${BOOTSTRAP_SYSTEM}" != "1" && -f "${ENV_FILE}" ]]; then
 		return
@@ -222,25 +239,27 @@ ensure_python() {
 }
 
 build_frontend() {
-	require_command npm "请先安装 Node.js 和 npm，建议 Node.js 20 或 22。"
+	local npm_bin
+	npm_bin="$(resolve_npm_bin)"
+	export PATH="$(dirname "${npm_bin}"):${PATH}"
 	log "安装并构建前端"
 	cd "${ROOT_DIR}/frontend/app"
 	if [[ -f package-lock.json ]]; then
-		npm ci
+		"${npm_bin}" ci
 	else
-		npm install
+		"${npm_bin}" install
 	fi
-	npm run build
+	"${npm_bin}" run build
 }
 
 remember_node_runtime() {
 	local npm_bin node_bin node_bin_dir tmp_file
-	npm_bin="$(command -v npm || true)"
-	node_bin="$(command -v node || true)"
-	[[ -n "${npm_bin}" ]] || fail "无法定位 npm。"
+	npm_bin="$(resolve_npm_bin)"
 	node_bin_dir="$(dirname "${npm_bin}")"
+	export PATH="${node_bin_dir}:${PATH}"
+	node_bin="$(PATH="${node_bin_dir}:${PATH}" command -v node || true)"
 	tmp_file="$(mktemp)"
-	grep -v -E '^(export )?CLAW_(NPM_BIN|NODE_BIN|NODE_BIN_DIR)=' "${ENV_FILE}" >"${tmp_file}" || true
+	grep -v -E '^(# systemd 用户服务不会读取交互式 shell 配置|export CLAW_(NPM_BIN|NODE_BIN|NODE_BIN_DIR)=)' "${ENV_FILE}" >"${tmp_file}" || true
 	cat >>"${tmp_file}" <<EOF
 
 # systemd 用户服务不会读取交互式 shell 配置，这里记录部署时可用的 Node.js/npm 路径。
diff --git a/scripts/update-server-fast.sh b/scripts/update-server-fast.sh
index 843c0e0..f9ef656 100755
--- a/scripts/update-server-fast.sh
+++ b/scripts/update-server-fast.sh
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ set -euo pipefail
 # 如果本次改动包含依赖、systemd 模板或部署脚本变化，请使用 scripts/deploy-ubuntu.sh。
 
 ROOT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)"
+ENV_FILE="${ROOT_DIR}/.env.deploy"
 BACKEND_SERVICE="zk-data-agent-backend"
 FRONTEND_SERVICE="zk-data-agent-frontend"
 BRANCH="${1:-}"
@@ -19,6 +20,27 @@ fail() {
 	exit 1
 }
 
+resolve_npm_bin() {
+	if [[ -f "${ENV_FILE}" ]]; then
+		# shellcheck disable=SC1090
+		source "${ENV_FILE}"
+	fi
+	if [[ -n "${CLAW_NODE_BIN_DIR:-}" ]]; then
+		export PATH="${CLAW_NODE_BIN_DIR}:${PATH}"
+	fi
+	local npm_bin="${CLAW_NPM_BIN:-$(command -v npm || true)}"
+	if [[ -z "${npm_bin}" || ! -x "${npm_bin}" ]]; then
+		fail "缺少命令：npm。请先安装 Node.js 和 npm，或执行 bash scripts/deploy-ubuntu.sh 重新记录 Node.js 路径。"
+	fi
+	local node_bin_dir
+	node_bin_dir="$(dirname "${npm_bin}")"
+	export PATH="${node_bin_dir}:${PATH}"
+	if ! "${npm_bin}" --version >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+		fail "npm 不可用：${npm_bin}。请确认同目录下存在 node，或重新安装 Node.js/npm。"
+	fi
+	printf "%s\n" "${npm_bin}"
+}
+
 cd "${ROOT_DIR}"
 [[ -d .git ]] || fail "${ROOT_DIR} 不是 git 仓库。"
 
@@ -38,7 +60,9 @@ git pull --ff-only origin "${BRANCH}"
 
 log "构建前端"
 cd "${ROOT_DIR}/frontend/app"
-npm run build
+npm_bin="$(resolve_npm_bin)"
+export PATH="$(dirname "${npm_bin}"):${PATH}"
+"${npm_bin}" run build
 
 log "重启用户服务"
 systemctl --user restart "${BACKEND_SERVICE}" "${FRONTEND_SERVICE}"